Isincoko samalungelo oluntu

Amalungelo oluntu yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sicinge ngazo ebomini bethu. Ukutyhubela imbali, abantu baye balwela ukukhusela amalungelo abo kunye nenkululeko, kwaye namhlanje, esi sisihloko sangoku nesibalulekileyo kwihlabathi lonke. Amalungelo oluntu ngala malungelo asisiseko, amkelwa ngumthetho namele ahlonitshwe ngumntu wonke.

Elinye lawona malungelo oluntu abalulekileyo ilungelo lobomi. Eli lilungelo elisisiseko lomntu ngamnye lokukhuselwa ekwenzakaleni ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ekuziphatheni, aphathwe ngesidima nokuvakalisa uluvo lwakhe ngokukhululekileyo. Eli lungelo liqinisekiswa luninzi lwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kwaye lithathwa njengelona lungelo libalulekileyo loluntu.

Elinye ilungelo elisisiseko leli ilungelo lenkululeko nokulingana. Kubhekiselwa kwilungelo lokukhululeka nokungacalucalulo ngokobuhlanga, ngokobuhlanga, ngokwenkolo, ngokwesini okanye ngesinye isizathu. Ilungelo lenkululeko nokulingana kufuneka likhuselwe yimithetho namaziko karhulumente, kodwa naluluntu ngokubanzi.

Kwakhona, amalungelo oluntu akwabandakanya nelungelo lemfundo nophuhliso lomntu. Lilungelo elisisiseko lomntu ngamnye ukuba afikelele kwimfundo esemgangathweni nokuphuhlisa izakhono neetalente zakhe zobuqu. Imfundo ibalulekile ekuphuhliseni njengabantu ngabanye nokuba nekamva elingcono.

Inkalo yokuqala ebalulekileyo yamalungelo oluntu kukuba afumaneka kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kuthetha ukuba la malungelo asebenza kubo bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki uhlanga, isini, inkolo, ubuzwe okanye nayiphi na enye indlela. Wonke umntu unelungelo lobomi obunesidima, inkululeko kunye nentlonipho yesidima sakhe sobuntu. Isibakala sokuba amalungelo abantu ehlabathi lonke samkelwa ehlabathini lonke ngesiBhengezo Sehlabathi Lonke Samalungelo Abantu esamkelwa ziZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngowe-1948.

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo yamalungelo oluntu kukuba awohlulwa kwaye axhomekeke kwelinye. Oku kuthetha ukuba onke amalungelo oluntu abaluleke ngokulinganayo kwaye umntu akanakuthetha ngelinye ilungelo engakhange acingele amanye amalungelo. Ngokomzekelo, ilungelo lokufumana imfundo libaluleke njengelungelo lempilo okanye ilungelo lokusebenza. Kwangaxeshanye, ukunyhashwa kwelungelo elinye kunokuchaphazela amanye amalungelo. Ngokomzekelo, ukungabikho kwelungelo lenkululeko kunokuchaphazela ilungelo lokuphila okanye ilungelo lokuchotshelwa kwetyala ngendlela enobulungisa.

Okokugqibela, omnye umba obalulekileyo wamalungelo oluntu kukuba akanakohluthwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba azinakuthatyathwa okanye zikhutshwe ebantwini phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko. Amalungelo oluntu aqinisekiswa ngumthetho kwaye kufuneka ahlonelwe ngabasemagunyeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko okanye nayiphi na enye into. Kwimeko yokuphulwa kwamalungelo oluntu, kubalulekile ukuba abo banoxanduva baphendule kwaye baqinisekise ukuba ukuxhatshazwa okunjalo akuphindi kwenzeke kwixesha elizayo.

Ukuqukumbela, amalungelo oluntu abaluleke kakhulu kuluntu olukhululekileyo nolunedemokhrasi. Bamele bakhuselwe kwaye bahlonitshwe ngumntu wonke, kwaye ukwaphula kwabo kufuneka kohlwaywe. Okokugqibela, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba sonke singabantu kwaye kufuneka siphathane ngentlonipho nokuqondana, kungakhathaliseki ukuba inkcubeko yethu okanye ezinye iiyantlukwano.

Malunga nomntu namalungelo akhe

Amalungelo oluntu agqalwa njengamalungelo angundoqo omntu ngamnye, kungakhathaliseki uhlanga, inkolo, isini, ubuzwe okanye nayiphi na enye inqobo yokugweba. La malungelo amkelwe kwaye akhuselwe kumazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano ezahlukeneyo, izivumelwano kunye nezibhengezo.

Isindululo sokuqala sezizwe ngezizwe esamkela amalungelo oluntu yaba siSindululo Sehlabathi Lonke Samalungelo Abantu, esamkelwa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngoDisemba 10, 1948. Esi sindululo samkela amalungelo anjengelungelo lobomi, ilungelo lenkululeko nonqabiseko, ilungelo lokuphila. ukulingana phambi komthetho, ilungelo lokusebenza kunye nomgangatho wokuphila ondilisekileyo, ilungelo lemfundo nokunye okuninzi.

Ukongeza kwi-Universal Declaration of Human Rights, kukho ezinye iindibano zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezivumelwano ezikhusela nokukhuthaza amalungelo oluntu, njengeNgqungquthela YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu neNgqungquthela Yezizwe Ngezizwe Yokuphelisa Zonke Iintlobo Zocalucalulo Ngobuhlanga.

Kwinqanaba lesizwe, amazwe amaninzi amkele imiGaqo-siseko eqaphela nekhusela amalungelo oluntu. Kwakhona, kumazwe amaninzi kukho imibutho namaziko akhethekileyo ekukhuseleni nasekukhuthazeni amalungelo abantu, njengeKomishoni Yesizwe Yamalungelo Abantu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amalungelo oluntu ayingomcimbi wezomthetho okanye wezopolitiko kuphela, kodwa nokuziphatha. Zisekwe kuluvo lokuba wonke umntu unexabiso elingaphakathi kunye nesidima, kwaye ezi xabiso kufuneka zihlonitshwe kwaye zikhuselwe.

Ukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu zizihloko zenkxalabo yehlabathi kwaye iyinkxalabo ethe gqolo kumaziko ezizwe ngezizwe afana neZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye neminye imibutho yengingqi neyesizwe. Enye yezona mpumelelo zibalulekileyo zamalungelo oluntu siSibhengezo seHlabathi samaLungelo oLuntu, esamkelwa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngoDisemba 10, 1948. Sichaza amalungelo angenakohluthwa omntu wonke, kungakhathaliseki uhlanga, isizwe, unqulo, isini okanye enye imeko.

Amalungelo oluntu jikelele kwaye abandakanya ilungelo lokuphila, inkululeko kunye nokhuseleko, ilungelo lokulingana phambi komthetho, inkululeko yokuthetha, ukudibanisa kunye nokuhlanganisana, ilungelo lokusebenza, imfundo, inkcubeko kunye nempilo. La malungelo afanele ahlonelwe aze akhuselwe ngabasemagunyeni, yaye abantu ngabanye banelungelo lokufuna ubulungisa nokukhuselwa ukuba baye banyhashwa.

Phezu kwayo nje inkqubela eyenziweyo ekukhuseleni nasekukhuthazeni amalungelo abantu, asanyhashwa kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu kunokufunyanwa kucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga, ubundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini nabantwana, ukungcungcuthekiswa, ukuvalelwa ngokungekho mthethweni okanye ngokungekho mthethweni, kunye nezithintelo kwinkululeko yokuthetha nokunxulumana.

Ngoko, kubalulekile ukuhlala uphaphile kwaye ukhuthaze amalungelo oluntu kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ngamnye wethu unendima ekufuneka eyidlalile ekukhuseleni nasekukhuthazeni la malungelo ngothethathethwano noluntu, ukwazisa kunye nemfundo. Amalungelo oluntu akufuneki abe ngumxholo weenkokeli zezopolitiko kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kuphela, kodwa kufuneka abe yinkxalabo yoluntu lonke.

Ukuqukumbela, amalungelo oluntu abalulekile ekukhuseleni isidima nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye. Kubalulekile ukuwaqonda nokukhuthaza la malungelo kuzwelonke nakwihlabathi jikelele ukuze bonke abantu bahlale kwindawo ekhuselekileyo nehlonelwayo ngamalungelo abo asisiseko.

Isincoko samalungelo oluntu

Njengabantu, sinamalungelo athile esiwaxabisa kakhulu nesiwaxabisa kakhulu. La malungelo aqinisekisa inkululeko yethu kunye nokulingana, kodwa kunye nokukhuselwa kucalucalulo kunye nokuxhatshazwa. Zikwasivumela ukuba siphile ubomi obunesidima kwaye siqonde amandla ethu ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nengenamda. Kwesi sincoko, ndiza kuphonononga ukubaluleka kwamalungelo oluntu nokuba asenza njani ukuba siphile ubomi bobuntu ngokwenene.

Isizathu sokuqala nesona sibalulekileyo sokuba kutheni amalungelo oluntu eyimfuneko kukuba aqinisekisa inkululeko yethu. Amalungelo asivumela ukuba siveze iingcamango neembono zethu ngokukhululekileyo, samkele inkolo yethu okanye inkolelo yezopolitiko esiyikhethayo, sikhethe size senze umsebenzi esiwufunayo, size sitshate nesifuna ukutshata naye. Ngaphandle kwala malungelo, asinakukwazi ukuphuhlisa ubuntu bethu okanye ukuba yiloo nto sifuna ukuba yiyo. Amalungelo ethu asivumela ukuba sizichaze kwaye sizibonakalise kwihlabathi elisingqongileyo.

Amalungelo oluntu akwaqinisekisa ulingano kubo bonke abantu, kungajongwanga uhlanga, isini, isini okanye inkolo. Amalungelo ayasikhusela kucalucalulo kwaye asivumele ukuba sifikelele kumathuba afanayo naye nabani na. La malungelo asivumela ukuba siphathwe ngesidima nentlonipho kwaye singaxhomekeki kwiimeko ezingqongqo ezifana nenqanaba lentlalontle okanye umgangatho womvuzo. Ngoko ke, bonke abantu bayalingana kwaye bafanelwe ukuphathwa ngolo hlobo.

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo yamalungelo abantu kukuba ayasikhusela ekuxhatshazweni nakugonyamelo ngabanye abantu okanye ngurhulumente. Amalungelo asikhusela ekuvalelweni ngaphandle kwesizathu, ekuthuthunjisweni, ekugwetyweni ngokungekho mthethweni okanye kwezinye iintlobo zobundlobongela. La malungelo abalulekile ukukhusela inkululeko kunye nokhuseleko lomntu kunye nokuthintela ukuphathwa gadalala nokuxhatshazwa kwalo naluphi na uhlobo.

Ukuqukumbela, amalungelo oluntu abalulekile ukuze siphile ubomi bobuntu bokwenene nasekuphuhliseni ubuntu bethu namandla ethu. La malungelo asivumela ukuba sikhululeke kwaye silingane kwaye siphile kuluntu olukhusela ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabo bonke abantu. Kubalulekile ukuba sihlale sikhumbula ukubaluleka kwamalungelo oluntu kwaye sisebenzisane ukuwakhusela nokuwomeleza, kuthi nakwizizukulwana ezizayo.