Nkhani za "Chinenero Changa, Chinenero Chathu"
Chinenero changa ndi chuma, ndicho kugwirizana komwe kumandigwirizanitsa ndi anthu ena padziko lapansi. Kulikonse kumene ine ndiri, chinenero changa chimandipatsa ine mphamvu yolankhulana, kumvetsetsa ndi kumvetsetsedwa ndi anthu ondizungulira. Ndi chikhalidwe chachiwiri kwa ine, gawo lofunikira la chidziwitso changa komanso njira yolumikizirana ndi chikhalidwe changa.
Chilankhulo changa ndi chamtengo wapatali chifukwa kudzera m'chilankhulidwecho ndimatha kufotokoza ndi kufotokoza malingaliro, malingaliro, malingaliro, malingaliro ndi zochitika. Ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pa maubwenzi a anthu chifukwa chimatilola kumanga ubale weniweni komanso wozama ndi anthu ena. Kupyolera mu izi ndimatha kuphunzira za zikhalidwe zina, kupeza malingaliro atsopano ndikukulitsa chifundo ndi kumvetsetsa kwa ena.
Chilankhulo changa ndi chilankhulo chathu chifukwa kudzera m'chilankhulidwecho timatha kulumikizana ndikuthandizana ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi chilankhulo chodziwika bwino chomwe tingathe kudziwonetsera tokha komanso kulankhulana mosasamala kanthu za kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe ndi zilankhulo. Ndichizindikiro cha umodzi wa anthu ndi kusiyanasiyana, kutikumbutsa kuti tonse ndife gawo limodzi ndipo tili ndi zambiri zoti tiphunzire kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Chinenero changa ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali chimene ndimachisunga mosamala mumtima mwanga. Ndi chimodzi mwa zida zofunika kwambiri zoyankhulirana zomwe tili nazo ndipo ndizofunikira kuti tifotokoze malingaliro athu momveka bwino komanso mogwira mtima. Chilankhulo chilichonse chili ndi mikhalidwe yakeyake, koma zonse ndizofunika komanso zamtengo wapatali mwanjira yawoyawo. Mwa kuphunzira ndi kugwiritsira ntchito chinenero changa, ndamvetsetsa mozama za chikhalidwe changa ndi miyambo, komanso kugwirizana kwambiri ndi olankhula chinenero chomwecho.
Kumvetsetsa ndi kudziwa chilankhulo changa kunandithandiza kupeza dziko lochulukirapo komanso losiyanasiyana. Kupyolera mu chinenerochi, ndimatha kupeza mabuku ambiri, nyimbo, zojambula ndi mbiri yakale, zomwe zimandithandiza kukulitsa zokonda zanga ndi zofuna zanga. Ndinali ndi mwayi wokumana ndi anthu ochokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, amene ndimatha kulankhula nawo mosavuta kudzera m’chinenero chimodzi, ndipo ndinali ndi mwayi wopita kukaona zikhalidwe ndi miyambo yosiyanasiyana.
Kupatula ubwino wodziwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero changa, zimathandizanso kwambiri kulimbikitsa kumvetsetsa ndi mgwirizano padziko lonse. Chilankhulo changa chimandigwirizanitsa ndi mamiliyoni a anthu padziko lonse lapansi, kuwongolera kusinthana kwa chikhalidwe ndi zachuma ndikuthandizira kumanga malo olekerera komanso osiyanasiyana. Munthawi yapadziko lonse lapansi ino, ndikofunikira kuzindikira ndikulemekeza kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe chathu, ndipo chilankhulo changa ndi njira yofunikira kuti izi zitheke.
Izi ndi zina mwa zifukwa zomwe chilankhulo changa chilili chofunikira kwa ine komanso kwa anthu onse. Chilankhulo chilichonse ndi chuma chapadera komanso chamtengo wapatali chomwe chiyenera kusungidwa ndi kutetezedwa. Mwa kulimbikitsa kuphunzira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zilankhulo zathu, titha kuthandiza kukulitsa kumvetsetsa ndi mgwirizano padziko lonse lapansi ndikupanga tsogolo lowala komanso logwirizana.
Pomaliza, chinenero changa ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali komanso chofunika kwambiri m'moyo wanga, koma ndi gwero lamtengo wapatali kwa anthu onse. Ndi udindo wathu kuteteza ndi kulimbikitsa kusiyana kwa zilankhulo ndi zikhalidwe pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chuma ichi chaperekedwa ku mibadwo yamtsogolo.
Buku ndi mutu "Kufunika kwa chilankhulo cha amayi m'moyo wathu"
Yambitsani
Chilankhulo ndi luso lofunikira pakulankhulana komanso kucheza ndi anthu. Chikhalidwe chilichonse chimakhala ndi chinenero cha makolo kapena chinenero choyambirira, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri pakudziwika ndi chitukuko cha munthu. Mu pepala ili, tiwona kufunika kwa chilankhulo cha amayi komanso momwe chingakhudzire miyoyo yathu m'njira zambiri.
Ubwino wodziwa chinenero cha makolo
Kudziwa chinenero chanu kungakhale ndi ubwino wambiri. Choyamba, zingathandize kukulitsa luso lachidziwitso la munthu, monga kuganiza mozama, luso komanso kuthetsa mavuto. Chachiwiri, kudziwa chinenero cha makolo kungathandize kuti anthu a m’banja ndi m’dera lanu azilankhulana bwino komanso kuti azigwirizana m’gulu lachikhalidwe ndi anthu. Komanso, kudziwa chinenerocho kungakhale kothandiza pa maulendo a mayiko ndi malonda.
Kusungidwa kwa chinenero cha makolo
Nthaŵi zambiri, chinenero cha makolo chimayamba kuopsezedwa ndi zilankhulo zofala kwambiri kapena kutayika kwa chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya kumaloko. Choncho, nkofunika kusunga ndi kulimbikitsa chinenero cha amayi ndi chikhalidwe pakati pa anthu omwe amalankhula. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuphunzira ndi kuphunzitsa chinenero cha makolo kusukulu, kukonza zochitika za chikhalidwe ndi kulimbikitsa kumvetsetsa bwino chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya kumaloko.
Kufunika kophunzira zinenero zina
Kuwonjezera pa kudziwa chinenero chanu, kuphunzira zinenero zina kungakuthandizeninso m’njira zambiri. Ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo kulankhulana ndi anthu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana ndikuthandizira chitukuko cha ntchito m'malo ogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi. Komanso, kuphunzira zilankhulo zina kungathandize kukulitsa luso lazidziwitso, kukulitsa kudzidalira ndikutsegula mwayi watsopano.
Chitetezo cha lilime langa
Chilankhulo chilichonse chiyenera kutetezedwa ndi kusamalidwa, ndipo chitetezo cha chinenero changa sichinasinthe. Ngati sitisamala, chilankhulo chathu chikhoza kuipitsidwa, kusinthidwa kapena kutayika. Choncho, m’pofunika kuphunzira kufotokoza maganizo athu m’njira yolondola ndi kulimbikitsa amene amatizungulira kuchita chimodzimodzi. Tiyeneranso kulemekeza ndi kuyamikira kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe ndi zilankhulo zapadziko lapansi kuti tithenso kuphunzira kuchokera kwa anthu ena ndikukula moyenerera.
Udindo wa chinenero poyankhulana
Chilankhulo chathu ndi chida chofunikira cholankhulirana, ndipo kulankhulana ndiye chinsinsi cha kupambana mu ubale uliwonse. Choncho, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti tikutha kulankhula momveka bwino komanso mogwirizana. Izi zitithandiza kukulitsa luso lathu loyankhulirana komanso kukulitsa ubale wathu ndi omwe atizungulira. Tiyeneranso kuzolowera momwe chilankhulo chimasinthira ndikudziphunzitsa tokha nthawi zonse kuti titha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chilankhulo m'malo omwe timagwirira ntchito.
Chikhalidwe ndi zinenero
Chilankhulo chathu ndi gawo lofunikira la chikhalidwe chathu komanso chilankhulo chathu. Kuphunzira ndi kusunga chinenero chathu ndi njira imodzi yomwe tingagwirizanitse ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu athu ndikudziwonetsera kuti ndife ndani. Kuphatikiza apo, kudziwa ndi kulemekeza zilankhulo ndi zikhalidwe zina kungatithandize kukhala ndi ubale wolimba ndikukulitsa chikhalidwe chathu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kulemekeza ndi kuteteza chilankhulo chathu, komanso kuyamikira ndi kuphunzira zilankhulo ndi zikhalidwe zina.
Kutsiliza
Chilankhulo ndi luso lofunikira pa chitukuko cha munthu payekha komanso dera. Kudziwa chilankhulo cha makolo ndi zilankhulo zina kumatha kubweretsa zopindulitsa zambiri, monga kukulitsa luso la kuzindikira ndi kulankhulana m'banja ndi m'deralo, kulimbikitsa kusiyana kwa zikhalidwe ndi chitukuko cha ntchito m'malo ogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi.
Kupanga kofotokozera za "Chiyankhulo changa"
Â
Chiyankhulo changa, kalilole wa mzimu
Tsiku lililonse, timagwiritsa ntchito chinenero chathu polankhulana, kufotokoza maganizo athu ndi mmene tikumvera, kugwirizana ndi anthu amene amatizungulira. Chinenero chathu ndi chuma chomwe tili nacho m'manja mwathu ndipo titha kuchigwiritsa ntchito pokulitsa ubale wathu ndi anthu komanso kuwonetsa chikhalidwe chathu.
Chilankhulo chathu ndi choposa chida cholankhulirana, ndi galasi la moyo wathu, momwe tingasonyezere dziko kuti ndife ndani. Zimawonetsa zomwe timayendera, miyambo ndi miyambo yathu, osati mawu okha, komanso malingaliro athu ndi zochitika zathu. Chilankhulo chilichonse ndi chapadera m'njira yakeyake, ndipo chilankhulo chathu chimatanthauzira komanso kutisiyanitsa mwapadera.
Chilankhulo chathu chingakhalenso gwero la chilimbikitso ndi luso. Alakatuli, olemba ndi amisiri ochokera padziko lonse lapansi awonetsa malingaliro awo ndi malingaliro awo kudzera m'chilankhulo chawo, kusandutsa mawu kukhala ntchito zaluso. Chilankhulo chathu chikhoza kukhala chida champhamvu chotumizira chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yathu, kusunga miyambo ndi miyambo pakapita nthawi.
Ndikofunikira kusunga chilankhulo chathu ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito mwachangu komanso mwanzeru kuti tifotokoze tokha ndikulumikizana ndi dziko lotizungulira. Kupyolera mu chinenero chathu, tikhoza kumanga milatho ya kulankhulana ndi kumvetsetsana pakati pa zikhalidwe ndi kukulitsa luso lathu la chikhalidwe.
Pomaliza, chinenero chathu ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali chomwe chili m'manja mwathu chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zambiri komanso zovuta. Zimatanthawuza chikhalidwe chathu ndikufotokozera malingaliro athu ndi malingaliro athu, kutembenuza mawu kukhala ntchito zaluso. Mwa kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chathu, titha kupanga kulumikizana kolimba ndi omwe ali pafupi nafe ndikufalitsa chikhalidwe chathu ndi mbiri yathu mwanzeru komanso mwanzeru.
Masomphenya: 165
Zambiri:
- Chilankhulo chathu ndi chuma - Nkhani, Lipoti, Zolemba Nkhani ya 'Chiyankhulo Chathu-Chuma: Wosunga Chidziwitso Chadziko' ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakudziwika kwa dziko lathu. M'dziko lomwe likuchulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi, kusunga ndi kulimbikitsa zikhalidwe zachikhalidwe kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Chilankhulo cha ku Romania, monga chizindikiritso cha dziko lathu, ndichofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi. Chinenero chathu ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali, nkhokwe ya mawu ndi mawu omwe samangofotokoza malingaliro, komanso amafalitsa miyambo ndi miyambo. Kwa zaka zambiri, chinenerochi chasintha, kusintha ndi kukhalapo. Ngakhale zasintha pazandale, zachuma ndi chikhalidwe zomwe takumana nazo…
- Zolankhula Zanga - Nkhani, Lipoti, Zopanga Nkhani ya 'Mawu anga' Zolankhula zanga ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali, chuma chimene ndinapatsidwa chibadwire chimene ndimayenda nacho nthawi zonse. Ndi gawo lofunikira la chidziwitso changa komanso gwero la kunyada ndi chisangalalo. Munkhani iyi, ndiwona kufunika kwa zolankhula zanga, osati kwa ine ndekha, komanso kwa anthu amdera lathu komanso chikhalidwe chathu chonse. Kalankhulidwe kanga ndi kaphatikizidwe kapadera ka mawu ndi kafotokozedwe, kosonkhezeredwa ndi zinenero zakumaloko ndi zisonkhezero za chikhalidwe cha dera limene ndinabadwira ndi kukulira. Ndi gwero lachidziwitso ndi mgwirizano…
- Kalasi Yanga - Nkhani, Lipoti, Kupanga Nkhani Yokhudza M'kalasi Langa M'mawa uliwonse ndikalowa m'kalasi mwanga, ndimakhala ngati ndikulowa m'dziko latsopano komanso losangalatsa lodzaza ndi mwayi komanso zosangalatsa. M’kalasi mwanga ndi kumene ndimathera nthawi yambiri mkati mwa mlungu ndipo ndipamene ndimapanga mabwenzi atsopano, kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndi kukulitsa zilakolako zanga. Mkalasi wanga ndi malo omwe aliyense ali wosiyana ndi wapadera, ndi umunthu wawo ndi luso. Ndimakonda kuyang'ana anzanga ndikuwona momwe aliyense wa iwo amafotokozera zomwe ali nazo komanso mawonekedwe ake. Ena ali ndi luso pa…
- Kufotokozera kwa amayi - Essay, Report, Composition Nkhani Yofotokozera Amayi Amayi anga ndi mkazi wokongola komanso wamphamvu kwambiri yemwe ndimamudziwa. Ali ndi kumwetulira kokongola komanso mtima wodzaza ndi chikondi ndi chifundo. Mayi anga ndi amene amatilimbikitsa ndi kutilimbikitsa, zivute zitani. Ndikawona amayi anga, ndimamva ngati dziko likuyima kwakanthawi. Ali ndi kupezeka komwe kumadzaza chipindacho komanso mphamvu zomwe zimandipangitsa kumva kuti ndine wotetezeka komanso wotetezedwa. Amayi ali ndi mawu okoma komanso odekha omwe amandipangitsa kumva ngati ndili pakhomo nthawi zonse, ...
- Banja Langa - Nkhani, Lipoti, Zolemba Nkhani yonena za ine ndi banja langa Banja langa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo wanga. Kumene ndinakulira ndi kumene ndinaphunzira maphunziro anga oyambirira okhudza moyo. Kwa zaka zambiri, banja langa lakhala lofunika kwambiri kwa ine ndipo sindikanatha kulingalira moyo wanga popanda iwo. Ndiko komwe ndimakhala womasuka komanso wotetezeka, komwe ndingakhale ndekha popanda kuweruzidwa kapena kutsutsidwa. Banja lathu ndi makolo anga ndi azing’ono anga awiri. Ngakhale kuti ndife osiyana, timagwirizana kwambiri ndipo timakondana kwambiri. Ine…
- Intercultural Society - Nkhani, Pepala, Zolemba Nkhani yonena za 'Intercultural Society' Zoganizira za Intercultural Society Dziko lathu lili ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, dziko lodzala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, momwe anthu amitundu, mafuko, zipembedzo ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana amakhalira limodzi komanso kucheza. Kusiyanasiyana kumeneku kumatipatsa mwayi wolemeretsa zochitika zathu ndi kutsegula maganizo ndi mitima yathu ku malingaliro ndi njira zina za moyo. Komabe, anthu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana sakhala opanda mavuto ndi mavuto, ndipo tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chikhalidwe chilichonse chili ndi makhalidwe ake, miyambo ndi miyambo, zomwe ziyenera kulemekezedwa ndi kuzimvetsetsa. M'magulu azikhalidwe, kulumikizana ndikofunikira. Kutha kumvetsetsana ndi…
- Kukonda malo obadwira - Essay, Report, Composition Nkhani yonena za kukonda malo obadwirako Malo achibadwidwe nthawi zonse amakhala gwero la chikondi ndi kusilira kwa aliyense wa ife. Sizikuyimira kokha malo omwe tinabadwira, komanso kukumbukira ndi zochitika zomwe zinapanga umunthu wathu ndi kukhudza chitukuko chathu. Kukonda malo obadwirako sikungomva chabe, ndi gawo la ife komanso umunthu wathu. Munjira ina, malo obadwirako ali ngati membala wa banja lathu, yemwe watiwona tikukula ndi kutipatsa malo otetezeka kuti tikulitse ndikuzindikira maluso athu ndi zilakolako zathu. Komanso, izi…
- Ndikadakhala buku - Essay, Report, Composition "Ndikadakhala bukhu" ndikadakhala bukhu ndikadafuna kukhala buku lomwe anthu amawerenga ndikuwerenganso mokondwera nthawi zonse. Ndikufuna kukhala buku lomwe limapangitsa owerenga kumva ngati ali momwemo ndikuwatengera kudziko laokha, lodzaza ndi zochitika, chisangalalo, chisoni ndi nzeru. Ndikufuna kukhala buku lomwe limalimbikitsa owerenga kuona dziko mosiyana ndikuwawonetsa kukongola kwa zinthu zosavuta. Ndikadakhala bukhu, ndikadafuna kukhala buku lomwe…
- Miyambo ndi Miyambo - Nkhani, Lipoti, Zopanga Nkhani yofotokoza miyambo ndi miyambo yosiyanasiyana Miyambo ndi miyambo ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa chikhalidwe cha dziko, zomwe zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo kupita ku ina. M'dziko lathu lamakono, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala lotanganidwa komanso losintha, miyambo ndi zikhalidwe zimasungabe gawo lawo lofunikira, kubweretsa bata ndi kupitiriza kwa miyoyo yathu. Monga wachinyamata wachikondi komanso wolota, ndimagwirizana kwambiri ndi miyambo ndi miyambo imeneyi, zomwe zimandipatsa kugwirizana ndi zakale komanso malingaliro ambiri a dziko lozungulira ine. Mwambo wina wokongola kwambiri ndi wa maholide, omwe amasonkhanitsa achibale ndi mabwenzi kuti azikondwerera zochitika zofunika kwambiri. Maholide a…
- Library yanga - Essay, Report, Composition Essay pa laibulale yomwe ndili nayo laibulale yanga ndi malo abwino kwambiri omwe ndingathe kudzitaya ndekha m'dziko lankhani zosatha komanso zongochitika. Ndi malo omwe ndimakonda kwambiri m'nyumba, momwe ndimathera nthawi yochuluka ndikuwerenga ndikupeza chuma chatsopano. Laibulale yanga ndi yoposa shelufu ya mabuku, ndi dziko lonse lachidziwitso ndi malingaliro. Mu laibulale yanga mutha kupeza mitundu yamitundu yonse, kuyambira zolemba zakale zapadziko lonse lapansi mpaka kwa omwe angofika kumene pankhani ya zopeka za sayansi kapena zongopeka. Ndimakonda kuwerenga mabuku akale ndi nkhani za ngwazi, zinjoka ndi…
- Amayi Anga - Nkhani, Lipoti, Zolemba Nkhani ya amayi anga Amayi anga ndi chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri chomwe ndikudziwa. Iye ali ngati mngelo amene amandiyang’anira nthawi zonse ndipo amandipatsa chichirikizo ndi chikondi chimene ndimafunikira. M'nkhaniyi, ndifufuza makhalidwe apadera a amayi anga komanso kufunika kwake m'moyo wanga. Choyamba, mayi anga ndi munthu wodzipereka komanso wachikondi. Ndi munthu amene amandikumbatira mwamphamvu ndipo nthawi zonse amandimwetulira mwachikondi komanso mwachikondi. Amayi amandiphunzitsa kukhala wabwino komanso kuthandiza anthu ondizungulira. Aliyense…
- Cholowa Changa - Nkhani, Lipoti, Zolemba Nkhani yonena za cholowa chimene ndinabadwira Cholowa Changa... Mawu osavuta koma ndi tanthauzo lakuya. Ndiko kumene ndinabadwira ndi kukulira, kumene ndinaphunzira kukhala chimene ndiri lero. Ndi malo omwe chilichonse chikuwoneka ngati chodziwika bwino komanso chamtendere, koma nthawi yomweyo chodabwitsa komanso chosangalatsa. Kudziko lakwathu, ngodya iliyonse ya mseu imakhala ndi nkhani, nyumba iliyonse ili ndi mbiri, nkhalango kapena mtsinje uliwonse uli ndi nthano. M’maŵa uliwonse ndimadzuka ndi kulira kwa mbalame ndi fungo la udzu wodulidwa kumene, ndipo madzulo ndimazunguliridwa ndi phokoso labata la chilengedwe. Ndi a…
- Chikondi cha bukuli - Essay, Report, Composition Nkhani yonena za chikondi cha mabuku Chikondi cha mabuku ndi chimodzi mwa zilakolako zokongola komanso zoyera zomwe wachinyamata wachikondi ndi wolota angakhale nazo. Kwa ine, mabuku ndi gwero losatha la kudzoza, ulendo ndi chidziwitso. Amandipatsa mwayi wambiri komanso amandiphunzitsa zambiri za dziko lomwe tikukhalamo komanso za ine ndekha. N’chifukwa chake ndimaona kuti kukonda mabuku ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri zimene ndapezapo. Chinthu choyamba chomwe ndidazindikira nditayamba kuwerenga mabuku chinali kuthekera kwawo ...
- Nyumba Yanga - Nkhani, Lipoti, Zolemba Nkhani yokhudza nyumba yanga Nyumba yanga, komwe ndidabadwira, komwe ndidakulira komanso komwe ndidapangidwa kukhala munthu. Ndiko kumene ndinkabwererako mosangalala pambuyo pa tsiku lovutirapo, kumene nthaŵi zonse ndinkapeza mtendere ndi chisungiko. Kumeneko n’kumene ndinaseŵera ndi azichimwene anga, kumene ndinaphunzira kukwera njinga ndi kumene ndinayesako zophikira zoyamba m’khichini. Kunyumba kwanga ndi chilengedwe komwe nthawi zonse ndimakhala kunyumba, malo odzaza ndi zikumbukiro ndi malingaliro. M'nyumba mwanga, chipinda chilichonse chimakhala ndi ...
- Kumudzi kwathu - Essay, Report, Composition Nkhani yakumudzi kwathu Mudzi wakwathu ndi malo omwe nthawi zonse amandibweretsera zikumbukiro zabwino komanso malingaliro oti ndili nawo komanso chikhumbo. Ndi malo ang'onoang'ono, omwe ali m'madera akumidzi, ozunguliridwa ndi mapiri ndi nkhalango, kumene nthawi ikuwoneka kuti yaima. Kumeneko n’kumene ndinathera mbali yaikulu ya ubwana wanga ndi kumene ndinaphunzira zambiri za maphunziro a moyo amene ndinagwiritsira ntchito pambuyo pake. Kumudzi kwathu n’kumene ndinaphunzira kusangalala ndi zinthu zosavuta komanso kuyamikira makhalidwe abwino. Kumeneko ndinaphunzira kukhala wodalirika komanso kuthandiza...